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B01 B02 B03 B04
B05 B06 B07 B08
B09 B10 B11 B12
B13
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scheme recommended by evaluation panel：B11
Superexcellent scheme：B11. B12. B08
B01
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B01：
Emerging from the landscape, and shaped
by nature, the design will create a simple symbolic link -
a bridge - between old and new, between people and country
and China with the world.
The design introduces an innovative solution to the provision
of temporary seats during the Olympic Games. All the temporary
seats are under cover and all seats enjoy excellent views
to the field of play. It adopts high technology principles
for operational management and interaction with the environment.
The moving roof created like two leaves is simple, elegant
and economical. After the games, people will be able to walk,
via a safe and secure path, along over the leading edge of
the roof.
The extended “wings” of the roof, as an
integral function of the moving roof and a fundamental part
of an efficient roof structure, allow for up to 200,000 people
to have a direct experience of the Games .
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B02
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B02：
The design creates an image of a floating water lilly, surrounded
by petals and blossoms, emerging in a gently undulating pond.
The stand installations are built for fixed as well as temporary
seating with optimal viewing positions. After its dismantling,
a very unique leisure park will be developed.
On the "roof" of the stands, offering a grandiose,
stairs and elevators access this panoramic sky-garden independent
of the internal Stadium function. The 45° slanted, outer glass
skin thermally encircles the Stadium and all its exterior functional
and circulation areas and creates an equally dynamic and peaceful,
outer form.
The lightly inclined roof skin, consisting of transparent air
cushions resting on a light, pre-stressed cable roof structure,
is unique in this dimension.
The central roof can be completely opened to a diameter of 130
meters. The unobstructed view of the spectator through the transparent
roof skin, despite the indoor-arena-quality, is a world-class
novelty.
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B04
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B04：
The Olympic Stadium, 79,574 fixed seats are installed on the
stand, of which ordinary seats are 72,930 with 500mm width of
seats and 850mm depth of rows. If it is needed, temporary stands
with 20,740 seats could be added in both the south and the north
stands.
Multi-functional development operation after-event is one of
the key points in the design proposals. After Olympic Games,
this Stadium will offer 11,300m2 of service room to be further
developed. The height of this kind of room is nearly 7m, the
columns spacing is nearly 9m. They are all spacious room with
large span offering favorable conditions for varied operation
and development in the future.
When the roof is open, the open-air area is 32,000m2. The lowest
layer of the roof adopts the fixed aluminium composite board.
The upper two layers of the retractable roof adopt the efficient
membrane material with high performance.
Since the membrane material is very good at deformation resistance,
impact resistance, sound absorption and light transmittance,
it is helpful to economize the investment, the maintenance cost
and the operation expense in the future.
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B05
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B05：
The 100,000-seat stadium has been conceived as a two tiered
solution with exclusive areas incorporated within. All tiered
seats have an unobstructed view of athletics. Lowering the field
reduces the amount of “finish skin” on the facility, the vertical
scale of the facility, and the height of vertical transportation,
easier access to the roads around the stadium.
Within the Grand Hall are two permanent restaurants, open to
the hall and surrounding area. The lower tier of seating is
continuous, with 42,000 fixed, and 5,000 temporary seats, all
accessed through portals.
As part of the post Olympic layout, at the South end zone, temporary
treads and risers are removed and replaced with a family dining
or picnic area. The materials used for construction are durable
and require minimal maintenance.
The east canopy roof is a cantilevered truss structure that
acts both as a fixed roof covering for the East Side of the
stadium and as a support for the leading edge of the retractable
roof in the closed position. The proposed concept for the Beijing
Stadium retractable roof system applies time-tested mechanisms
in an innovative sequence of elegant motions to deliver the
spectacular effect of extending cantilevered roof structure
over 100 meters from one side of the bowl structure to the other.
The proposed retractable roof system covers an opening over
the playing surface of the stadium. This opening is roughly
350 meters long by 105 meters wide at its widest point. The
primary moving elements of the retractable roof system are six
operable roof panels and twelve telescoping roof rail trusses.
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B06
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B06：
One of the most unique features of the design is the Sky Terrace.
The ability to climb to very top of the roof will provide an
experience to the visitor unlike that of any other stadium on
Earth.
A concrete structure is proposed to provide an economical yet
durable structure with good earthquake resistance. The arrangement
of the bowl structural grid has been chosen to allow a significant
amount of repetition in the design and construction of the stadium,
and the column spacing is generally less than 9.0 m, except
in the single bay where the grid transitions from elliptical
to circular. The design will utilize locally available materials
and labor.
The roof structure consists of a series of trusses supported
by four giant trussed-towers, which in turn support the two
primary trusses. The primary trusses consist of a compact central
diamond-truss, strengthened and stiffened by high-strength cables
supported by outriggers. A number of configurations were considered,
and the design refined to optimize strength and stiffness. The
cable configuration is efficient, allowing plenty of structural
depth, thus limiting axial forces in the members, and utilizing
high-strength cables to minimize weight. Some of the truss cables
will be priestesses to increase the effective structural depth
of the system. This configuration also allows economical construction,
with the central diamond truss being prefabricated and shipped
to site, and minimal onsite assembly of components. The location
of the towers is derived to balance the cantilever and mid-span
moments in the trusses, ensuring optimal use of materials, and
the deflections are well within code limits.
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B07
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B07：
This Stadium total would comprise 80,000 permanent seats and
20,000 temporary seats, including one level of 140 suites.
The 20,000 temporary seats are removed it is proposed to install
the seats in the outdoor activity center and some special
suites, restaurants, clubs and bars in the locations which
are higher up in the stadium.
This technology solved the problem of being able to have a
natural grass playing field turf of the highest international
quality for every soccer game, while at the same time being
able to host every kind of multi-use event in the same stadium.
This requirement necessitated the complete separation of the
field sports uses, from all the other kinds of uses, by having
2 separate functional surfaces which could be changed very
quickly and an infinite number of times, without deterioration
of the performing surfaces.
Uses the unique Two Panel Spiral Rotating Shell Retractable
Roof Geometry (United States Patent). The roof can be opened
and closed in 35 - 40 minutes in wind speeds of up to 50 Km/hr.
The sun-facing surface(s) of the retractable roof will be
covered with rows of the latest type of photovoltaic cells,
one of the largest installations of its kind in the world.
The proposed design will be one of the major legacies of the
‘Green Olympics’.
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B08
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B08：
The configuration of the stadium symbolizes great nature on
the earth. Against the backdrop of sunshiny sky, soft white
cloud and green hills are the main originality, along with light
pillar that penetrates through white cloud creating nice association.
All of these constitute a charming landscape and become a new
scene in Beijing tallying with the substance that coexistence
of Olympic Game and nature.
In order to coordinate with the environment around the park,
as much as vire scence should be placed in the planned land.
It is such a big stadium that can hold 100 thousand people at
the same time. Moreover, 100 thousand people can enter and exit
at the same time.
The auditorium is composed of three layers, which have 100 thousand
seats, including 80,156 fixed seats (800mm*500mm) and 20,644
temporary seats (800mm*495mm). We define “c” is the sight distance
between the former row and the after one. The bigger the “c”
is, the steeper the auditorium, and the smaller hide from view,
so people there can have a very good vision sight, that there
is no hide from view.
Not only can the temporary seats be dismantled after the games,
but also they can be expediently changed into sports museum,
sports club etc.
Graceful opening and closing mode will show particular charm
to the audiences all over the world. Two half-moon shaped glass
roofs will be placed on the center of big roof, which will be
opened by the ceiling’s circumgyrating toward each other and
sliding.
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B09
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B09：
The National Stadium should be the one that a surrounding feeling
is available when someone stays inside of the stadium, he feels
that he is surrounded by the environment outside of the stadium.
Vice versa, when he stays outside of the stadium he could also
feel such a state of competition with excitement and vigor inside
of the stadium. Thus, a well arranged space functioning from
each other is created.
The adoption of different resources of energy will secure the
natural light collection and the air ventilation as well as
a reliable and efficient method for the site management.
The ecological tower with the total height of 200m, is the key
point or the pith of the presentation for the principles set
up for the design work of the stadium. The four groups of windmill
erected on the tower could generate enough power for the use
of the tower itself and environmental lighting around.
The roof the gymnasium consists of four parts, namely, top floor
roofing, mobile roofing, lower floor roofing both on West and
South sides and the North side roofing. The mobile roofing covers
the whole gymnasium and is supported by using a rail system
with 18m.vertical and horizontal tri-framework. When it is in
the closing state, the whole gymnasium is covered, vice versa,
the roofing goes over the lower roofing on the North side and
is hanged outside.
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B10
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B10：
This proposal is intended to meet these objectives using the
symbols of "Heaven" and "Earth".
Our roof is not just a cover for the terraces of the stadium,
but the celestial vault of the Universe. This vault incorporates
five circles that, at the same time, symbolise the five elements
on which Chinese philosophy is based, and the five Olympic rings.
The roof of the stadium, 665 m long at its longest dimension,
this lightweight, elevated fixed roof is suspended from a structure
of 18 steel columns by cables imitating the latest techniques
of cable-stayed suspension bridges.
The retractable, translucent material used for the roof covering
will filter the natural daylight by around 50%, thus allowing,
when used during the day, sufficient natural light to enter
the stadium, minimising the need for artificial light.
The two glazed roofs, where they cross, will add to this effect.
Of a reasonable size and simple to operate, the retractable
roof will not squander resources or energy as it is opened and
closed.
The exceptional area of the roof will be equipped with solar
panels, which will provide it with a substantial proportion
of the energy it needs.
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B11
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B11：
The stadium’s appearance is pure structure.
Fa?ade and structure are identical. The structural elements
mutually support each other and converge into a grid-like formation
– almost like a bird's nest with its interwoven twigs. The spatial
effect of the stadium is novel and radical and yet simple and
of an almost archaic immediacy, thus creating a unique historical
landmark for the Olympics 2008.
The stadium is conceived as a large collective vessel, which
makes a distinctive and unmistakable impression both when it
is seen from a distance and from close up. It meets all the
functional and technical requirements of an Olympic National
Stadium, but without communicating the insistent sameness of
technocratic architecture dominated by large spans and digital
screens. The spatial effect of the stadium is novel and radical
and yet simple and of an almost archaic immediacy. Its appearance
is pure structure. Fa?ade and structure are identical. The structural
elements mutually support each other and converge into a grid-like
formation, in which fa?ades, stairs and roof are integrated.
Visitors walk through this formation and enter the spacious
ambulatory that runs full circle around the stands. From there
one can survey the circulation of the entire area including
the stairs that access the three tiers of the stands. Functioning
like an arcade or a concourse, the lobby is a covered urban
space with restaurants and stores that invite visitors to stroll
around.
Just as birds stuff the spaces between the woven twigs of their
nests with a soft filler, the spaces in the structure of the
stadium will be filled with inflated ETFE cushions. On the roof,
the cushions will be mounted on the outside of the structure
to make the roof completely weatherproof. Whilst the rain is
collected for rainwater recuperation the sunlight filters through
the translucent roof providing the lawn with essential UV-Radiation.
On the fa?ade, the inflated cushions will be mounted on the
inside of the structure where necessary, e.g. to provide wind
protection. Since all of the facilities – restaurants, suites,
shops and restrooms – are all self-contained units, it is possible
to do largely without a solid, enclosed fa?ade. This allows
natural ventilation of the stadium, which is the most important
aspect of the stadium sustainable design.
The sliding roof is an integral part of the structure of the
stadium. When it is closed, it converts the stadium into a covered
arena. Just as a tin is only complete with a lid, the roof,
whether closed or open, is an elementary part of the whole.
With its own structural logic, it is also a grid-like formation
that forms a waterproof shell together with the inflated cushions.
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B12
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B12：
The design concept is retrieved from an ancient ritual named
"throwing jade into the water", which gives the Stadium
rich cultural connotation and turns the place into a spiritual
home of people living in a modern city.
The National Stadium will be designed to put athletes above
everything else. In the general layout, warm-up areas for athletes
are arranged on the north side of the plot area, close to the
rooms provided for them inside the National Stadium, which will
provide a shorter way for athletes and facilitate their competition.
To meet the multifunctional operation requirements of the National
Stadium, some comprehensive development facilities are to be
arranged appropriately on the perimeter of the main building.
This will enable complementation of functions between the existing
facilities inside the National Stadium and those to be provided
on the perimeter, and provide a variety of options for the long-term
operation of the National Stadium while avoiding possible waste.
Reasonable division of ground and underground levels will enable
effective separation of people from vehicles on the perimeter
of the National Stadium, to ensure smooth access for various
categories of people without interference with each other.
The Stadium is creatively designed to have a worldwide unique
"suspending retractable roof" combining multiple functions
of roof, sightseeing and urban landscape.
The arrangement of appropriate operating spaces outside the
Stadium will represent additional functions and new concept
of sports building operations.
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B13
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B13：
The Stadium is the Architecture as the eaves, and it protects
as many as a hundred thousand people in the periphery from the
rains, cold wind of winter, and hot sunshine of summer. The
Stadium is the symbol of the attitude greeting all the people.
The Architecture succeeds the sense of the Quadrangle cosmology.
It opens the earth to the universe, and harmonizes the pure
form with the dynamic action of the wings. The wings of the
roof, corresponding to four blocks of the stadium, lead up to
various modes. During the Olympics, temporary seats are installed
on the wings. At ordinary time, the wings function to stabilize
the climate of the field. When the wings are open, they leave
no rails or structures behind the space they occupied.
The light roof and ceiling, having the span of 180m, are made
of film materials with aluminum alloy. controlled by air pressure.
The ceiling is constituted of the tubes with two functions.
As to the lightning and diffusion, it changes freely as the
clouds.
Single sloped stadium, where “all people can watch all people”
will be revived by setting four escalators in the stand. As
a detail, waving stand at rostrum and VIP seats might be the
first practice in the world. At the top step of the stand, Sky
corridor with movable glass screens for lightning and ventilating
is located. Stand escalators lead to the stand style that “many
people come down from the upstairs and take seats.”
The Stadium has a bio-dynamic structural system that balances
dynamically by itself corresponding to the changes of the rising
roof and ceiling of the clouds.
The double ring (upper ring and lower ring) of Sky corridor
and the balance mechanism are the main actors of this system.
180m span of Gate to the World is realized by a combination
of the cable systems. To realize these systems, a structural
analysis has been carried out by simulation technology.
Copyright
© 2002. Beijing Municipal Commission of Urban Planning
Power by Capinfo Company Limited
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